Peran Strategis Investasi Luar Negeri Dan Dalam Negeri Dalam Mendorong Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of foreign investment (Foreign Direct Investment/PMA) and domestic investment (Domestic Direct Investment/PMDN) on Indonesia's economic growth for the period 2000–2023. The study uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis methods. The data used are annual secondary data obtained from the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM), the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), and the World Bank. The results of the study indicate that FDI and PMDN partially and simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on Indonesia's economic growth. The regression coefficient of FDI of 0.623 and PMDN of 0.541 indicates that increased investment, both foreign and domestic, is able to increase Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.891 indicates that 89.1% of the variation in economic growth can be explained by these two investment variables. The research findings also show that FDI has a greater influence than PMDN because it is supported by technology transfer, industrial modernization, and expanded international market access. Meanwhile, domestic direct investment (PMDN) plays a crucial role in strengthening the real sector, supporting local business development, and increasing employment. Therefore, synergy between foreign and domestic investment is needed through policies that create a conducive investment climate to encourage sustainable and inclusive economic growth in Indonesia.