Rekonstruksi Landasan Ontologis, Epistemologis, dan Aksiologis Dalam Penelitian Disertasi: Sebuah Analisis Kritis Perspektif Filsafat Ilmu

Abstract

Dissertation research represents a scholarly work at the doctoral level that is expected to generate originality and contribute to the advancement of knowledge. However, research quality is determined not only by the originality of findings and methodological accuracy but also by the strength of its underlying philosophical foundations. This article aims to critically examine and reconstruct the ontological, epistemological, and axiological foundations of dissertation research from the perspective of the philosophy of science. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method and critical analysis of relevant scholarly publications on the philosophy of science, research paradigms, and research methodology. The discussion focuses on six aspects: the position of the philosophy of science in dissertation research, the reconstruction of ontological, epistemological, and axiological foundations, the integration of these three foundations into research paradigms and methodologies, and the development of a philosophical reconstruction framework. The findings indicate that ontology, epistemology, and axiology are interconnected foundations that cannot be separated in developing high-quality research. Ontology clarifies the nature of research reality, epistemology explains the processes of acquiring and validating knowledge, while axiology provides direction regarding values, ethics, and the practical benefits of research findings. This article proposes the Philosophical Reconstruction Model of Dissertation Research (MRFPD) as a conceptual framework to strengthen the alignment between philosophical foundations, research paradigms, methodologies, and scholarly contributions. The study concludes that strengthening philosophical foundations is essential for producing dissertations with conceptual depth, methodological consistency, academic integrity, and social relevance