A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF THE TOE FRAMEWORK IN DRIVING SUSTAINABLE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

Abstract

This study aims to analyze how technological, organizational, and environmental factors influence decisions to adopt digital innovations in various global and local contexts through the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework approach. The method used is a literature study with thematic analysis of dozens of Scopus-indexed scientific articles published between 2023 and 2025. The results show that the success of digital transformation is not determined by a single factor, but rather by a synergistic configuration of technological readiness, management support, and external pressure. In addition, mediating variables such as staff training and leadership support have been shown to play an important role in bridging the influence between TOE dimensions. The findings also confirm that TOE has evolved into a dynamic model that can be integrated with other theories such as TAM, RBV, and SDT to explain the social, ethical, and sustainability dimensions of technology adoption. In conclusion, an interdisciplinary and configurational approach is needed to understand the complexity, contextuality, and ethical aspects of sustainable digital transformation.