Pengaruh Job Insecurity Terhadap Turnover Intention Melalui Stres Kerja Sebagai Variabel Mediasi (Studi Kasus Pada Karyawan PT Spice Agro International)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test and analyze the effect of job insecurity on turnover intention with work stress as a mediating variable for employees of PT Spice Agro International. This research causality study with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique used non-probability sampling with purposive sampling in which the sample was determined by the researcher with a total of 36 respondens at PT Spice Agro International. The statistical analysis used in this research is partial least squares (PLS) with the help of SmartPLS 3.2.9 software. The results of this analysisi obtained from this study indicate that job insecurity has a positive and significant effect on turnover intention, job insecurity has a positive and significant effect on work stress, job stress has a positive and significant effect on turnover intention, job stress is able to mediate the effect of job insecurity on turnover intention.
References
Abdillah, F. (2012). Hubungan Kohesivitas Kelompok Dengan Intensi Turnover Pada Karyawan. Journal of Social and Industrial Psychology, 1(2). http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/sip
Abildgaard, J. S., Nielsen, K., & Sverke, M. (2018). Can job insecurity be managed? Evaluating an organizational-level intervention addressing the negative effects of restructuring. Work and Stress, 32(2), 105–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2017.1367735
Addai, P., Mottey, R., Afrifah, M., & Osei Boakye, A. (2022). Job Insecurity and Turnover Intentions among Banking Sector Employees: The Moderating Role of Organizational Support and Ethical Leadership. SEISENSE Journal of Management, 5(1), 17–30. https://doi.org/10.33215/sjom.v5i1.736
Ahn, J. Y., & Chaoyu, W. (2019). Job stress and turnover intention revisited: Evidence from Korean firms. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 17(4), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(4).2019.05
Andini, R. (2010). Analisis Pengaruh Kepuasan Gaji, Kepuasan Kerja, Komitmen Organisasional Terhadap Turnover Intention (Studi Kasus Pada Rumah Sakit Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang). Majalah Ilmiah Universitas Pandanaran, 8(16).
Ashford, S. J., Lee, C., & Bobko, P. (1989). Content, Causes, and Consequences of Job Insecurity: A Theory-Based Measure and Substantive Test. In Source: The Academy of Management Journal (Vol. 32, Issue 4). Academy.
Avey, J. B., Luthans, F., & Jensen, S. M. (2009). Psychological capital: A positive resource for combating employee stress and turnover. Human Resource Management, 48(5), 677–693. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20294
Balz, A., & Schuller, K. (2021). Always looking for something better? The impact of job insecurity on turnover intentions: Do employables and irreplaceables react differently? Economic and Industrial Democracy, 42(1), 142–159. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X18757058
Becker, S. O., Bentolila, S., Fernandes, A., & Ichino, A. (2010). Youth emancipation and perceived job insecurity of parents and children. Journal of Population Economics, 23(3), 1047–1071. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-008-0224-5
Cascio, W. F. (2003). Managing Human Resources Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Chalim, A. S. (2018). Effect of Job-Insecurity, Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intention: A Case Study of Newcomer Lecturers at Private Islamic Universities in East Java Province, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 6(2), 199. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v6i2.284
Chen, Z. X., & Francesco, A. M. (2003). The relationship between the three components of commitment and employee performance in China. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62(3), 490–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00064-7
Fathoni, A., & Budi Hasiolan, L. S. (2018). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Kompensasi, dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intention Dengan Lama Kerja Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. Journal of Management, 4(4).
Ferdinand, A. (2006). Metode Penelitian Manajemen. BP Universitas Diponegoro.
Gaunt, R., & Benjamin, O. (2007). Job insecurity, stress and gender: The moderating role of gender ideology. Community, Work and Family, 10(3), 341–355. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668800701456336
Gillis, J. R. (1994). Memory and identity: The history of a relationship (Vol. 8). Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity.
Halimah, T. N., Fathoni, A., & Minarsih, M. M. (2016). Pengaruh Job Insecurity, Kepuasan Kerja Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intention Pramuniaga Di Gelael Supermarket (Studi Kasus Pada Gelael Superindo Kota Semarang). Journal of Management, 2(2).
Hendrawan, A., Sucahyowati, H., Indriyani, & Cahyandi, K. (2020). Peran Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Dalam Menurunkan Stress Kerja. https://doi.org/10.33488/1.jh.2020.1.237
Herlina, L. (2019). Kondisi Dan Faktor Penyebab Stres Kerja Pada Karyawan Wanita PT ‘SGS.’ Jurnal Psiko-Edukasi, 17.
Heruwanto, J., Priyana, H., & Rasipan, R. (2019). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja, Stres Kerja, Dan Budaya Perusahaan Terhadap Turnover Intention. Jurnal Manajemen Kewirausahaan, 16(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.33370/jmk.v16i1.307
Imam Ghozali. (2014). Structural Equation Modeling Metode Alternatif dengan Partial Least Squares (PLS) (4th ed.). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Jha, S. (2009). Determinants of Employee Turnover Intentions: A Review. Management Today, 9(2). http://ssrn.com/abstract=2442689
Jin, X., Sun, I. Y., Jiang, S., Wang, Y., & Wen, S. (2018). The relationships between job and organizational characteristics and role and job stress among Chinese community correctional workers. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 52, 36–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2017.09.002
Khaidir, M., & Sugiati, T. (2016). Pengaruh Stres Kerja, Kompensasi dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intention Studi Pada Karyawan Kontrak PT. Gagah Satria Manunggal Banjarmasin. Jurnal Wawasan Manajemen, 4.
Kuntary Ibrahim, D., Asmony, T., & Nurmayanti, S. (2017). Pengaruh Stres Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intentions yang Dimediasi oleh Burnout (Studi Pada Karyawan Hotel Bintang 4 (Empat) Di Kota Mataram). Jurnal Magister Manajemen Universitas Mataram.
Laine, M., van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., Wickstrom, G., Hasselhorn, H. M., & Tackenberg, P. (2009). Job insecurity and intent to leave the nursing profession in Europe. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(2), 420–438. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190802673486
Lastri, P., Sihombing, T., & Batoebara, M. U. (2019). Strategi Peningkatan Kinerja Karyawan Dalam Pencapaian Tujuan Perusahaan Di CV Multi Baja Medan.
Liu, J., Zhu, B., Wu, J., & Mao, Y. (2019). Job satisfaction, work stress, and turnover intentions among rural health workers: a cross-sectional study in 11 western provinces of China. BMC Family Practice, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-019-0904-0
Lompoliu, W. T., Nelwan, O. S., & Lengkong, V. P. K. (2020). Pengaruh Job Insecurity, Job Stress, Dan Iklim Organisasi Terhadap Turnover Intention Karyawan Pada PT Golden Mitra Inti Perkasa Manado. Jurnal EMBA, 8(1).
Medysar, S., Asj’ari, F., & Samsiyah, S. (2019). Pengaruh Job Insecurity Terhadap Turnover Intention melalui Stres Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Karyawan PT. Malidas Sterilindo di Sidoarjo. Majalah Ekonomi _ ISSN, XXIV(2).
Melky, Y. (2015). Hubungan Kepuasan Kerja dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Intensi Pindah Kerja (Turnover Intention) Karyawan PT Rejeki Abadi Sakti Samarinda. Psikoborneo, 3(1), 98–111.
Noordiansah, P. (2013). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Stres Kerja Perawat.
Nopiando, B. (2012). Hubungan Antara Job Insecurity Dengan Kesejahteraan Psikologis Pada Karyawan Outsourcing. Journal of Social and Industrial Psychology. http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/sip
Nur, W., Stie, W., & Wiwaha, J. (2005). Pengaruh Ketidak Amanan Kerja (Job Insecurity) Sebagai Dampak Restrukturisasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja, Komitmen Organisasi Dan Intensi Keluar Survivor. Jurnal Kinerja.
Nurul, F., Muhammadiyah, U., Muhdiyanto, M., & Anisa, F. (2021). Pengaruh Job Insecuritydan Beban KerjaTerhadap Turnover Intention Dengan Stres Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening(Studi Empiris Pada PT Juara Bike Tangerang). Jurnal Untidar.
Putri, M. N., & Rivai, H. A. (2019). Pengaruh job insecurity, kepuasan kerja, dan komitmen organisasional terhadap intensi turnover pada dosen institut teknologi padang. Jurnal Manajemen, 11(1), 35–48. http://journal.feb.unmul.ac.id/index.php/JURNALMANAJEMEN
Rangrez, S. N., Amin, F., & Dixit, S. (2022). Influence of Role Stressors and Job Insecurity on Turnover Intentions in Start-ups: Mediating Role of Job Stress. Management and Labour Studies, 47(2), 199–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X221074757
Riana, I. G., Minarsari, M., & Piartini, P. S. (2020). Implikasi Job Insecurity Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Dan Intention To Leaven To Leave. Ekuitas (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan), 3(2), 206–225. https://doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2019.v3.i2.4069
Rikardo, T., & Susanti, F. (2019). Pengaruh Job Insecurity, Dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Stres Kerja Pada PT Garda Total Security Padang. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Eknomi “KBP.”
Rindi, N., Astuti, P., & Rizana, D. (2022). Pengaruh Job Insecurity, Job Burnout, Konflik Peran Terhadap Stres Kerja Karyawan pada PT. Sinarmas Multifinance Cabang Kebumen. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Manajemen, 4(4), 2022. https://jurnal.universitasputrabangsa.ac.id/index.php/jimmba/index
Rizal, M. &, & Fajrianthi, R. (2021). Pengaruh Job Insecurity dan Work Life Balance terhadap Stres Kerja pada Karyawan Outsourcing. Buletin Riset Psikologi Dan Kesehatan Mental (BRPKM), 1. http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/index.php/BRPKM
Rizki, M., Hamid, D., & Mayowan, Y. (2016). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Stres Kerja Karyawan (Studi Pada Karyawan PT PLN (Persero) Distribusi Jawa Timur Area Pelayanan Malang). In Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB)|Vol (Vol. 41, Issue 1).
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2017). Organizational Behavior (Vol. 15).
Saputri, P., Hidayati, T., & Lestari, D. (2020). Pengaruh Job Insecurity Terhadap Stres Kerja, Kinerja, dan Turnover Intention Karyawan PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 16(3).
Septiari, N. K., & Komang Ardana, I. (2016). Pengaruh Job Insecurity dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intention Karyawan pada Hotel Asana Agung Putra Bali. E-Jurnal Manajemen Unud, 5(10), 6429–6456.
Setyawati, T., & Setyowati, W. (2021). Peran Mediasi Stres Kerja Pada Pengaruh Job Insecurity Dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intention Karyawan ( Studi Kasus Pada Karyawan Outsourcing PT. DVN ). Jurnal Magisma, IX(2).
Simamora. (2005). Analisis Multivariat Pemasaran. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Siregar, S. (2014). Statistik Parametrik untuk Penelitian Kuantitatif:dilengkapi dengan perhitungan manual dan aplikasi SPSS versi 17 (Edisi 1). Bumi Angkasa.
Soelton, M., Amalia, D., Noermijati, N., & Wahyudiono, B. (2020). Self-Esteem: The Levels of Religiosity in Job Insecurity and Stress in Government Company. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 120(4).
Sopiah, & Mamang Sangadji, E. (2020). The Effect of Job Stress on Turnover Intention through Job Satisfaction of Government Commercial Bank Employees. KnE Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v4i9.7317
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R & D. Alfabeta.
Sverke, M., Hellgren, J., & Näswall, K. (2002). No security: A meta-analysis and review of job insecurity and its consequences. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(3), 242–264. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.7.3.242
Tantra, S., & Larasati, T. (2015). Faktor-Faktor Sosial yang Mempengaruhi Stres Kerja. Majority, 4(9).
Wulandari, F. R., Rizana, D., Tinggi, S., Ekonomi, I., & Bangsa, P. (2020). Pengaruh Job Insecurity dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intention dengan Ketidakpuasan Kerja sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Pada Karyawan PT. MNC Sky Vision Tbk Kebumen). In Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Manajemen (Vol. 2, Issue 3). http://journal.stieputrabangsa.ac.id/index.php/jimmba/index
Yanti, A. W. (2020). Peningkatan Turnover Intention yang Dipengaruhi Job Insecurity Melalui Stres Kerja pada Karyawan Outsourcing PT. Industri Kemasan Semen Gresik (IKSG). Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 8.
Yaşlıoğlu, M., Karagülle, A. Ö., & Baran, M. (2013). An Empirical Research on the Relationship between Job Insecurity, Job Related Stress and Job Satisfaction in Logistics Industry. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.501
Zheng, X., Diaz, I., Tang, N., & Tang, K. (2014). Job insecurity and job satisfaction: The interactively moderating effects of optimism and person-supervisor deep-level similarity. Career Development International, 19(4), 426–446. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-10-2013-0121


